Windows contains a wealth of logs. You can find them all at: C:\Windows\Logs
Additionally, Event Viewer, is a helpful logging tool with a GUI. There is no no need to view these files manually as you can just open Even Viewer. But if you need to, you can find them at: C:\Windows\System32\winevt\Logs
If you want to enable more comprehensive crash dumps and manually cause a crash to catch a full debug report, you can do so with the registry.
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00​[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\i8042prt\Parameters]"CrashOnCtrlScroll"=dword:00000001​[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\kbdhid\Parameters]"CrashOnCtrlScroll"=dword:00000001​[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\CrashControl]"CrashDumpEnabled"=dword:00000002
Save into an empty file using a name of your choice with the extension .reg.
Merge this registry file and reboot. To cause a crash after having an issue, press and hold CTRL then press SCROLL LOCK twice. This will cause a blue screen. As that is the purpose. You are creating a crash to generate a debug report. The blue screen will show MANUALLY_INITIATED_CRASH
with code 0x000000E2.
Once the computer reboots you have a full memory dump at C:\Windows.